Max Liebermann (Germany, 1847–1935), Ropewalk in Edam, 1904, oil on canvas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. © 2006 Artists Rights Society (ARS),
New York/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn.
Liebermann

Clarity Max Liebermann

Assuming that — as many artists do — he was attempting to communicate through his art, what has he communicated to us? To this viewer, at any rate, Liebermann conveys less of a firmer grasp of his art than he does of a growing concern with a society that, as his move from clear representation to indistinct abstraction may indicate, is slowly dissolving before his eyes. As noted above, one might not view Liebermann’s development as a move toward something “better”, but surely one can “read” his art as a commentary on his social milieu. In this sense, as Liebermann’s world collapses around him, so also does his art collapse into disjointed blotches of color that confuse the eye as much as it informs it. In the end, as his sphere of influence was circumscribed and his world narrowed, he turned in on himself, confining himself to making paintings of his beloved house and gardens in Wannsee. Sadly, the body of “impressionistic” work that he produced in these last years is far removed from that which had once revealed the power of both his vision and of his brush.

Max Liebermann Painter

Calarty

Max Liebermann Paintings

And, again, assuming that he was trying to communicate through his art, what better way than “breaking down” the rules of his academic training to reflect the breaking down of rules in what he once considered a sane and livable society? That he had to use his art as a weapon — the only weapon he was allowed as a Jew — instead of as an instrument of beauty and delight, is to my way of thinking more than a tremendous loss, for it not only reveals Liebermann’s personal anguish but, because of his undeniable status as a proven artist of renown, sets the stage and clears the path for the many excesses which followed in his wake.


Max Liebermann (Germany, 1847–1935), Jewish Quarter in Amsterdam,
1905, oil on canvas. Kaiser Wilhelm Museum, Krefeld.


Who can deny that a good deal of today’s art bludgeons the viewer much more often than it serves to soothe and elevate? Who cannot be repulsed by art that glorifies ugliness for its own sake? Granted that early masters — Goya, Daumier, Delacroix jump to mind — used their art to enlighten, but today the art itself, when used as a blunt instrument, merely shocks, enrages, disturbs, unsettles, enflames to such an extent that we come away not better informed but merely more angry. Max Liebermann’s life and art can offer no more graphic illustration of one terrible instance of why this has occurred.

*“Max Liebermann: From Realism to Impressionism” (thru Jul 30): The Jewish Museum, 1109 Fifth Ave., NYC (212) 423-3200. (An illustrated catalogue with the full complement of works from both venues is available. University ofWashington Press/Skirball Cultural Center: 232 pp.; 9 x 12; B/W & Color Illus.; Chronology; Selected Bibliography; Index. $29.95 Softcover.)

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